大家都知道托福考试的考试内容有四部分,即口语、听力、阅读、写作。很多同学在写作方面比较薄弱,不知道怎么动笔,总是用一些简单的词汇。一走入考场,拿起笔,考试之前背的一些词汇就忘记了。要想写出高分的作文,平时就要下功夫,知己知彼方能百战而不怠。在考试前就要了解好写作的题型有哪些,把结构先练好。下面,就让小编为大家介绍一下托福综合写作题型吧!
一、托福综合写作题型介绍
1.绝对型
绝对型的题型一般是题目中含有最高级和绝对化的频率词的题,那么,针对这种类型的题目,我们又哪些策略呢?我给大家推荐的是两种态度,四种方法。当然,这两种态度就是“同意”和“不同意”,当同意的时候,我们可以采用“一边倒”的策略,说A好处1,A好处2和A好处3,每个好处各成一个主体段,这样文章就成型了;在同一的态度下,第二种方法就是若转折,即前两个主体段可以分别阐述A好处1和A好处2,第三个主体段可以进行一个弱弱的转折,稍微说一下B也好,这样,既凑了字数,也向考官展现了自己全面的思维;在“不同意”的态度下,我们也可以按照“A好——A有缺陷——B也好”的结构谋篇布局;也可以按照“A好——B好——C也好的结构”进行展开。
2.对比型
对比型的题目即为事物之间进行比较。针对这类题型,共有两种态度,三类写法。在“同意”的态度下,我们可以采用A1>B1,A2>B2,A3>B3的写法进行写作,即把两个不同的事物统一在三个相同的维度下进行比较;在“不同意”的态度下,我们有两种写法,我们依旧可以按照“A好——A有缺陷——B也好”的结构谋篇布局;也可以按照“A好——B好——C也好的结构”进行展开。
3.隐藏all型
隐藏all型实质上就是含蓄的绝对型,它在写法上和绝对型有异曲同工之处,却也忽悠区别。在这种提醒下,我想推荐两种写法,首先是“同意”的态度下,我们依旧可以继续采用“A好处1,A好处2和A好处3”的一边倒写法进行展开,如果是在“不同意”的态度下,我们可以采用“A有好处——A也有不好的地方”的逻辑顺序进行展开,当然,也可以采用分类讨论的写法,其实分类讨论的写法是一种变了形的“让步——转折”,在逻辑上遵循的是一样的规律和道理。
二、托福考试的写作要求
1.词汇要求:按笔者对 托福写作 题认真分析和多次参加 托福考试 经验,我认为词汇的要求应该是4000—5000个积极词汇。其中,学习词汇三个重中之重便是:①动宾搭配; ②介宾搭配; ③修饰原则。 此乃应对新托 福写作词汇要求之三大利器。
2.审题,抓关键词,关键词多为名词和形容词,重要的是一些限定词。全文都要围绕题目展开论述,紧紧扣题。
3.思路拓展:有的考生英语水平虽好,但常常苦于没有思路。那针对这种情况,我们对思路扩展提出两种方法,能迅速有效帮助学生解决这个问题。①归类法 + ②总括法,论证一定要体现严密的逻辑,思维不能跳跃。
4.审题原则:如何审题,决定了你是否能在有效时间内迅速进入状态。对此,我们制定出审题三原则: ①定位 ②概括 ③分类,学会发散思维,不要就事论事。
5.结构安排:清晰的结构将使阅卷人对你留下一个好的印象。除此,你也能更加有效的安排自己的段落。三种方法助你一臂之力:1 平衡式 2 倾向式 3 一波三折式。
6.语法突破:其中必备四大语法结构即是:①句子结构 ②从句 ③非谓语动词 ④倒装、强调、平行结构、一致;
7.短期与长期:
短期(目标分24分以下),靠思路/逻辑思维提分;长期(基础好,目标24分以上的)要修炼高词汇&长难句。
8.切忌大量模板,尤其在论证过程中出现大量繁琐的没有实质内容的模板句。
三、托福综合写作评分标准
托福写作第一部分:综合写作,综合写作的考试形式和内容则是离中国传统英语考试较遥远的。综合写作约25分钟,考生先要用三分钟时间阅读一篇学术型文章,然后用两分钟听同话题的一篇听力,然后就读到和听到的内容20分钟写一篇文章。考试的形式融合了阅读,听力以及写作三个部分。因此考察学生的综合能力,顾名思义叫做综合写作。应试如果想拿到高分,往往需要两个因素:第一,知己(实力),第二,知彼(对考试的理解)。
1.5分---满分
ScoreTask Description
5A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.
2.4分---高分
Scoreask Description
4A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information in relation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.
3.3分-中国考生平均分
ScoreTask Description
3A response at this level contains some important information from the lecture and conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but it is marked by one or more of the following:
Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task, it conveys only vague, global, unclear, or somewhat imprecise connection of the points made in the lecture to points made in the reading.
The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture.
Some key points made in the lecture or the reading, or connections between the two, may be incomplete, inaccurate, or imprecise.
Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections.
4.2分-以下-低分
ScoreTask Description
2A response at this level contains some relevant information from the lecture, but is marked by significant language difficulties or by significant omission or inaccuracy of important ideas from the lecture or in the connections between the lecture and the reading; a response at this level is marked by one or more of the following:
The response significantly misrepresents or completely omits the overall connection between the lecture and reading.
The response significantly omits or significantly misrepresents important points made in the lecture.
The response contains language errors or expressions that largely obscure connections or meaning at key junctures, or that would likely obscure understanding of key ideas for a reader not already familiar with the reading and the lecture.
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